This article consists of three different sections. The first and second sections include excerpts from secondary sources that make commentaries and analyses of Luther’s translation and...
The Enlightenment is an umbrella term used to describe the 18th century philosophy with revolutionary and rationalist characteristics that emerged in various intellectual centers of...
In 1784, Kant wrote an essay called “What is Enlightenment?”, in which he defined the term ‘Enlightenment’ and analyzed the reasons for its emergence and...
On August 8, 1736, the Prussian Crown Prince Frederick wrote a letter to Voltaire, who was then a famous philosopher and a highly favored intellectual...
Enlightenment was a time of radical rationalization and liberalization of the Western thought in the 18th century. With the religion rapidly fading away from the...
Foreign policy failures, economic crisis and social unrest intensified in the 1840s in France, the opposition to King Louis Philippe I. Demonstrations expanded into a...
Two medieval merchant settlements on the banks of the Spree, in the area of today’s district center – here the German capital has its origin....
Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig was born on 22 March 1797 in Kronprinzenpalais in Berlin. His chances of inheriting the throne one day were seemed to be...
Alexander von Humboldt was in 1769 in Berlin. He was born to Alexander Georg, a Prussian officer and chamberlain, and Elizabeth Colomb. Alexander was the...
Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke was born on 26 October 1800 in Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He was the son of the later Danish Lieutenant General Friedrich...
